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PRP, or Platelet Rich Plasma, can work wonders for our skin. But how? What is the procedure and how does it work?
Platelets are small plate-shaped cells that are responsible for healing wounds. They are rich in growth factors.
First, we need to know what platelets are and what they do. Unlike our red blood cells, which are actually quite large microscopically speaking, and which have cell nuclei that contain DNA strands, platelets are very small and have no nuclei. This doesn’t mean they’re unimportant though. Far from it. Platelets are essential and one of the most common cells in our bodies.
When we get a cut, platelets gang together and cause the cut to clot. So named because of their plate-like shape, you can find between 150 to 450 thousand of these little guys in a single microliter of blood. A microliter is very small. There are about 50 of them in a single drop of water. This should give you an idea of the huge number of platelets we have in our body. Now that I’ve boggled your mind with that image, how do they work?
A 3D rendering of an active platelet. They transform into little octopuses!
Remember that they’re shaped like little plates? That’s only in their non-active form, when they’re just floating around inside us, chilling. But when they receive a signal from a damaged cell, they travel to the area and transform. They grow long tentacles and in that state look more like an octopus. These tentacles help them to stick to the damaged area and each other to form a healing ‘net’. They get help sticking together from a naturally occurring protein produced by the cell walls.
As they form this healing net, they are also producing a special protein called fibrin. This fibrin, combined with dead blood cells, is what forms scabs. While we might think of scabs as unsightly, they are actually our bodies’ naturally occurring band-aid. They seal the wound and protect from infection while the skin underneath heals.
PRP skin rejuvenation involves withdrawing a small amount of your own blood and spinning it in a centrifuge to separate the plasma from the red blood cells. This plasma is loaded with platelets – and they’re yours so there’s no risk of your body rejecting them. The plasma is then injected under your skin where all those little guys get to straight to work. But what are they actually doing?
In addition to their octopus transformation trick, platelets are absolutely loaded with growth factors. These stimulate collagen and elastin production directly beneath our skin. Collagen and elastin are responsible for firming our skin and for allowing it to ‘snap’ back in place after being stretched. It’s reduced amounts of these essential proteins that cause our skin to wrinkle and sag as we age. By stimulating new production, we actually turn back the clock on the aging of our skin.
To obtain plasma, we spin a small amount of your blood in a centrifuge. This separates out the heavier red blood cells from the platelet rich plasma.
As with all procedures, results will vary by patient. This is because all of our bodies are different. We have slightly different chemical balances and concentrations of essential nutrients. In most people the platelets stay in place for a long time, working their magic. For an unfortunate few, the body may flush them away, or simply not respond to the increased levels of collagen or elastin.
For most, though, you can expect to see at least some of the following effects and possibly all of them:
Some patients also notice a reduction in acne scars, fewer and less severe acne breakouts, and faster healing when breakouts do occur. Many also report that their skin glows for months after a treatment. The glow isn’t an illusion, either. It’s due to the smoothing of the skin, which means that it reflects light better.
This also varies by patient. For some, the effects can wear off in as little as 3 months. For others, treatments may only be required every 6 to 9 months to maintain smoother, younger skin.
A few days. For the first 24 hours after a treatment you can’t wear makeup. Your skin may be anything from light pink to beet red while it heals. After a few days, though, not only will your skin heal but you’ll begin to see the effects of this amazing treatment.
The only side effect that most people may experience might be some light bruising. Other than the discoloration while your skin heals, though, most patients experience no side effects at all.
We use an anesthetic which will numb your skin. There may be some slight discomfort during the treatment, but pain will be minimal.
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Alopecia is often the result of shrinking hair follicles, usually from male pattern baldness although women can suffer from thinning hair as well. Keep reading this article to find out why the follicles shrink and stop growing hair.
The medical definition of alopecia is uncharacteristically simple and understandable: “the partial or complete absence of hair from areas of the body where it normally grows; baldness”. While most of us would be quite happy to see alopecia taking effect on certain areas of our body, the one area where we definitely don’t want to see it is on our scalp. If you’re reading this article, we can probably assume that you or someone you know is losing their hair. Male pattern baldness, female pattern baldness (yes, there is such a thing) and alopecia areata can all cause us considerable distress over our appearance. Fortunately, there are effective treatments available. One of the most promising to come along in recent years is PRP therapy.
PRP stands for Platelet Rich Plasma. It uses your own cells to stimulate hair growth and for many patients, it is remarkably effective. So what’s a platelet? Platelets are the smallest of our blood cells. Under a microscope, they are colorless and shaped like little plates – thus the name. When we get an injury, a cut, for example, platelets help heal us. They bind together over the wound to form a scab. The platelets do this by secreting three different proteins that act as a kind of glue to bind cells together.
A small amount of blood will be withdrawn from your arm. This blood is spun in a centrifuge which separates the red blood cells from the plasma, and platelet poor plasma from platelet rich plasma (PRP).
The scab is a lot more than a just a seal for the wound that protects us from infection. It’s actually a cellular framework our body uses like a kind of scaffold for growing new healthy tissue to repair the damage.
A PRP treatment involves withdrawing a small amount of your blood, then spinning it in a centrifuge to separate it into layers. The largest layer will be plasma. Plasma is a protein-salt solution that makes up about 54% of our blood volume. It’s the medium that our red cells, white cells, and a number of other types of cells float around in. It also provides the nutrients that our cells need to function. The bottom layer will be comprised of red blood cells. Red cells are the most numerous of our blood cells and will make up another 45%. For those of you doing the math, that leaves 1% left for platelets and white blood cells.
This thin layer is then separated from the other layers and loaded into syringes. The solution consists of a high concentration of your own platelets in a small amount of plasma. The plasma is necessary to act as a carrier for the platelets. This resulting injectable solution is exactly what it’s called: Platelet Rich Plasma, or PRP.
So how does any of that help those of us with thinning hair to stimulate new hair growth?
Platelets do a lot more than just bind together to seal a wound. They contain over 30 proteins that our body uses to heal, and seven protein growth factors that accelerate healing. To discuss the actual process by which PRP facilitates healing and growth would require a book. All we really need to know to answer the question of how PRP treats alopecia is that it amplifies our body’s natural healing processes many times over. Among other things, platelets reduce inflammation, enhance cell growth and activate the healing of both soft tissues and bone.
In addition, while it has not been conclusively proven, some studies show that PRP treatments stimulate stem cells to create new follicles!
Losing hair is normal. In fact, both men and women typically lose about 100 hairs per day. We don’t notice this when we’re younger because our body is replacing them at the same rate. Certain conditions can cause hair loss at any age, and most of us will experience alopecia to some degree as we age. Causes include stress, pregnancy, and over-styling, as well as some medications and medical conditions. However, most hair loss is hereditary. If you’re a man and your father went bald, chances are you will too. And it’s extremely common. Past age 50, you have a greater than 50% chance of developing male pattern baldness. 95% of hair loss in men is due to male pattern baldness.
Similarly, if you’re a woman and your mother experienced female pattern baldness (most noticeable in the early stages as a widening of the part), you will likely develop the same condition. Roughly 50% of women over 50 will experience a thinning of their hair that gradually worsens as they age. To make matters worse, some women will develop male pattern baldness.
Understanding what’s happening at the biological level is key to understanding how PRP therapy can successfully treat both conditions.
The answer has a lot to do with what makes us men in the first place, biologically anyway. Men have more androgens than women. Androgens are hormones like DHT and testosterone that are responsible for typical male traits such as a deeper voice, more body hair and higher muscle mass. You’ve almost certainly heard of testosterone, but what’s DHT? DHT stands for dihydrotestosterone. Think of DHT as super-testosterone. It’s much more potent than testosterone. It attaches to the same chemoreceptors but more easily and once there it stays bound longer. An enzyme called 5-alpha-reductase (5-AR) converts testosterone into DHT. Normally, about 10% of total testosterone is converted.
DHT causes the hair on a man’s body to grow but inhibits hair growth on his head. Without going into a very long and involved explanation, over time DHT causes scalp hair follicles to shrink and the growth phase of individual hair follicles (the Anagen phase) to shorten. Around the age of 50, this manifests as a noticeable thinning of the hair. Of course, some men may experience this at a younger or older age. The effect of DHT on body hair is the reason why older men start developing noticeable hair growth in some very undesirable places, such as ears, nose, and eyebrows at the same time they are losing hair on their head. Cruel, isn’t it?
In time, growth from the affected follicles stops entirely, and baldness and thinning hair result. The good news is that the follicles aren’t dead, just dormant. By injecting PRP into the scalp, the healing factors of platelet-rich plasma can stimulate new hair growth by reviving these dormant follicles. They do this through the action of the healing and accelerating proteins that PRP is saturated with. And because this is your own plasma and platelets, there’s zero risk of rejection.
Sadly science hasn’t figured out yet what causes female pattern baldness, but fortunately we do know that PRP therapy is an effective treatment for many women.
Bad news, ladies. Science hasn’t yet figured out why this happens. Some women develop male pattern baldness and the theory is that they have higher than normal levels of testosterone. See the previous section on male pattern baldness to understand what’s going on in this case. Others of us simply experience a thinning of our hair as we age. Left unchecked, this can progress to the point where we can end up almost as bald as some men. Yikes!
Fortunately, PRP therapy can treat both female pattern baldness and male pattern baldness in women. As with baldness in men, though, the follicles aren’t dead, just dormant. The healing proteins in PRP can revive women’s follicles in the same way that they do for men.
Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder that causes circular bald spots about the size of a quarter. Usually affecting people under 30, it is most often a temporary condition that will go away on it’s own. PRP therapy can speed recovery and regrowth of the lost hair.
Some people are unfortunate enough to be affected by a condition called alopecia areata (AR). This causes the hair to fall out in patches, usually round and about the size of a quarter. Obviously, this is very unattractive and anyone suffering from this condition will find ways to keep their head covered at all times. Alopecia areata is also quite common, affecting approximately 6.8 million people in the U.S. It can affect us at any age or gender, although most often this condition occurs before age 30.
AR is an autoimmune disorder, which means that the body attacks itself. While there is no cure for AR, in most cases the condition is temporary and the hair will regrow in time. Sometimes though it needs help and in all cases PRP therapy can speed hair growth in the affected areas.
If you’re affected by this condition and want to know more about the effectiveness of PRP therapy, there is an excellent scientific study published here. Don’t worry. The abstract is fairly short and not completely impenetrable to anyone without a medical degree.
We’re proud to have effectively helped many of our patients, both men and women, regrow hair lost due to alopecia. While results cannot be guaranteed, most patients experience some regrowth and in some cases the results are dramatic.
A single treatment usually takes less than an hour. We use a local anesthetic and most patients report minimal discomfort from the injections. You may experience minor swelling and tenderness for three to five days following treatment.
Most patients will respond well to only two or three treatments received four weeks apart. You’ll need maintenance treatments every one to two years thereafter to maintain the results.
While new hairs usually begin to grow around two weeks after the first treatment it will, of course, take some time for these hairs to grow long enough to thicken your hair. In addition to new hair, individual hairs will thicken and growth overall may accelerate in some cases. Most patients can see a noticeable difference in hair thickness three to six months after the initial treatment.
Contact us for a free consultation.
If you’re curious about PRP skin rejuvenation, you can learn about that here.